The final rule will afford the Trump administration a new and significant avenue to address national security risks related to China. It is expected to be vigorously enforced. Companies that engage in bulk data transactions—for example, social media, e-commerce and electronic payment platforms; data marketplaces and aggregators, healthcare and insurance providers; biotechnology companies; and the employees, vendors, and other third parties with whom companies in such industries do business—should be aware of what the rule requires and begin developing an effective compliance program that takes into account due diligence, reporting, and auditing requirements.